Grapevine genome sequencing. Data from a gel electrophoresis experiment to sequence the Pinot Noir grape (Vitis sp.) genome. This technique is used to separate, in sequence, nucleotide bases from DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fragments. DNA contains 4 bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine), which are represented here by different colours. The DNA fragments are placed in a porous gel that has an electric current applied to it. The nucleotides move down the gel according to their size. After the process has run the bases appear as bands on the gel. The sequences of bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. Photographed at the Agricultural Institute of San Michelle all'Adige, Trento, Italy.