Poultry Market, Tangiers, before 1881. Nineteenth-century North Americans and Northern Europeans viewed southern Spain as exotic and racially different from the rest of Europe due to its proximity to, and long history of exchange with, North Africa. These artists often created work that reflected the audience¡¦s prejudices about people from cities like Tangiers, where this scene is set. A typical gambit in this genre of painting was to suggest cultural decline by depicting workers in moments of idleness and decaying architecture. Here, the figure, presumably a merchant at the market in the work¡¦s title, rests by the chickens he has come to sell, in front of the seemingly partly effaced tiles of a building. These pictorial details subtly reinforced European and North American ideas of white racial superiority and what were perceived as the benefits of European imperialism.