Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840) was a German physician, physiologist and anthropologist, one of the first to explore the study of mankind as an aspect of natural history, whose teachings in comparative anatomy were applied to classification of what he called human races, of which he determined five. Blumenbach divided the human species into five races (1779) and called them: 1) Caucasian race or white race, 2) Mongolian or yellow race, 3) Malayan or brown race, 4) Ethiopian, or black race and 5) American or red race. Decas craniorum (published 1790) included his description of sixty human crania (skulls) and was a founding work for other scientists in the field of craniometry.