Portrait of Max Planck (185MB8MB-1947), German physicist, Nobel laureate and originator of quantum theory. Planck was educated at the universities of Berlin and Munich, gaining his doctorate in 1880. In 1900 Planck published a paper in which he described a formula for the distribution of radiation emitted by a black body as a function of temperature and wavelength. To do this, he deduced that the radiation is emitted in discrete packages (quanta), and calculated a constant to enable their energies to be found. This, with Einstein's work, led to the end of Classical Physics. Planck was awarded the 1918 Nobel Prize for Physics as a result.