Copperplate engraving with original hand colouring from Guerin's French \Picturesque Dictionary of Natural History\" circa 1830. The 'facial angle' theory of Petrus Camper with relation to beauty. Camper determined that modern humans have a facial angle between 70 and 90 degrees. The angle is formed by drawing two lines - one horizontally from the nostril to the ear, the other perpendicular from the advancing part of the upper jawbone to the most prominent part of the forehead. He claimed antique Greco-Roman statues had angles near to 100 degrees, Europeans of 90, Orientals of 80, Africans of 70, and Orangutans of 58 degrees. He claimed that of all human races Africans were most removed from the Classical sense of beauty. These ideas were used for scientific racism in the late 18th and 19th century and fed into the ideas of eugenic measurement on the basis of preconceived racist dogma."