Alexis Carrel (1873-1944), French doctor and Nobel laureate. Carrel's experimental surgery and transplantation of tissues and organs whilst working in New York won him the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1912. During World war I he served in the French Army Medical Corps, helping to develop the Carrel-Dakin method of antiseptic treatment for war wounds. This won him the Legion d'Honneur. He also developed the 'perfusion pump,' a device for keeping organs alive outside the body and a major development in open-heart surgery and organ transplants. This portrait is from the Bain News Service, one of America's oldest news picture agencies, which holds images dating from the 1890s to the 1930s.