EditorialCostume of French youths, 15th century. One wears a green bonnet, blue doublet, red trousers and cracows (pointed shoes). The second wears a yellow doublet over a black tunic, green stockings and cracows. From an illustration by Barthelemy d'Eyck of th...
EditorialYoung page boy, 15th century. He wears a gold two-tone cape, red tabard, scarlet toque, green stockings and red cracows (pointed shoes a la poulaine). From a fresco by Pinturicchio in the Piccolomini Library, Siena, Italy. Handcoloured illustration dra...
EditorialMace-bearer or sergeant at arms, 14th century. He wears a type of turban called a chaperon, red justaucorps (shirt), short fur-lined wool doublet with puff sleeves, red stockings, black cracows or poulaines. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved ...
EditorialJeanne la Flammande, Joanna of Flanders, c.1295-1374. She wears a tall conical hat (henin) with veil, white blouse, a blue robe trimmed with fur, brown robe, cracows or poulaines. From a miniature in a Froissart manuscript in the Royal Library. Handcol...
EditorialLady of rank, reign of Henry VI, England, 1425. She wears a tall hat with veil tied over it, ermine-collared robe over a green dress, cracows or poulaines. Handcoloured lithograph from Thomas Hailes Lacy's "Female Costumes Historical, National and Dram...
EditorialBourgeois man, 14th century. He wears a blue hat, grey robe lined in cat fur, puff sleeves with arm holes, cracows or poulaines. By royal decree, ermine and squirrel fur were reserved to the nobility, leaving the bourgeoisie with cat fur. From a miniat...
EditorialFrench crossbowman, 13th century. He wears a salade or sallet helmet, and a jaque (shirt) made of armoured deer skin (leather reinforced with wire). He carries a sword and crossbow, and wears long pointed shoes (cracows or poulaines). Handcoloured copp...
EditorialLouis X the Quarreller, King of France, 1289-1316. He wears ceremonial robes: a gold crown, full robe embroidered with gold fleurs de lys, lined with ermine, over a robe of red damask embroidered in gold, cracows or poulaines. Handcoloured copperplate ...
EditorialLord in the court of Jean le Bon, 14th century. He wears a tall hat with plume, embroidered damask robe with full sleeves and green border, long cracows or poulaines. From a print in the Gaignieres collection at the Bibliotheque du Roi. Handcoloured co...
EditorialFrench royal valet in hunting wear, 14th century. He wears a violet justaucorps, green hose and cracows or poulaines. From his shoulder hangs a horn to call the dogs, and on his belt is a dagger to skin game. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved...
EditorialJean de Meung or Mehun, French poet, died 1310 to 1322. He wears the garb of clerics in the early 14th century: red skullcap, fur-lined long robe with belt, black cracows or poulaines. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from...
EditorialSergeant at arms, royal guard, mace-bearer, 13th century. He wears a short cassock with full sleeves decorated with lace, necklace, cracows (long shoes or poulaines), and carries a large mace. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Mass...
EditorialInfantry sergeant, 13th century. He wears a scarlet hat, white jaque (shirt), steel corselet (bodice), tunic with sleeves of violet damask, white stockings and cracows (poulaines). Dagger or misericorde in a red scabbard. Handcoloured copperplate drawn...
EditorialGuillaume de Lorris, French scholar and poet, died 1260 or 1262. He wears a green surtout (tunic) embroidered with gold, fur-lined hanging sleeves, red stockings and cracows or poulaines (long pointed shoes). From a French manuscript in the Angelica Li...
EditorialPhilip VI, King of France, died 1349. He wears a crown, ermine-lined hooded robe with gold fleurs de lys, gold sleeves with ermine cuffs, cracows or poulaines. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from "French Costumes from Ki...
EditorialPeire Cardenal or Pierre Cardinal, troubadour, 1180-1278. He is depicted in 14th century garb: red cap, green fur-lined doublet, red stockings, and cracows or poulaines. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from "French Costum...
EditorialFrench noble couple hunting with falcons, 13th century. He wears a crown, long green robe, gauntlets and long cracows or poulaines. She wears her hair tied with pearls, green hood and red robe, and holds a falcon on her gauntlet. Handcoloured copperpla...
EditorialYoung page boy, 15th century. He wears a gold two-tone cape, red tabard, scarlet toque, green stockings and red cracows (pointed shoes a la poulaine). From a fresco by Pinturicchio in the Piccolomini Library, Siena, Italy. Handcoloured illustration dra...
EditorialCostume of a young Italian man, 14th century. He wears a hooded cape open at the side, over a tabard with wide sleeves, lead-coloured stockings, and cracows (pointed shoes a la poulaine). From a miniature in the Titius Livius manuscript in the Bibliote...
EditorialFour tournament judges, juges diseurs, and the king of arms, roi d'armes, 15th century. The judges wear hats or hoods, doublets, stockings and cracows (pointed shoes). The king of arms wears a chlamys with a parchment painting of the coats of arms of t...
EditorialCostume of French youths, 15th century. One wears a green bonnet, blue doublet, red trousers and cracows (pointed shoes). The second wears a yellow doublet over a black tunic, green stockings and cracows. From an illustration by Barthelemy d'Eyck of th...
EditorialItalian archer or longbowman, 14th century. He wears a pink tunic, doublet with full yellow sleeves, blue stockings and cracows (long pointed shoes a la poulaine). From a miniature in the Titius Livius manuscript in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan. Ha...
EditorialTourney challenge etiquette, 15th century. A seated prince hands a sword to the kneeling king of arms, accompanied by two heralds, to present to his opponent. The prince wears a scarlet hood, doublet, stockings, and cracows. The king of arms wears a co...
EditorialCostume of a young French woman, 14th century, from the Titius Livius manuscript. She wears her hair tied with black laces, a white dress embroidered with gold, and long bizarre cracows (shoes "a la poulaine"). Handcoloured illustration drawn and litho...
EditorialSwearing an oath on the Bible, 15th century. The judge wears a crimson cap called a mortier, simar in gold brocade lined with ermine. The oath-taker wears a simar and hood, while the witness wears a short cape lined with marten fur, doublet, stockings,...
EditorialThe entrance of the judges, juges diseurs, to a town. The lead judge wears a black cap, scarlet simar, and rides a horse in a caparison of scarlet with white band and blue bridle. The second judge has a black hat with plume, scarlet coat over yellow do...
EditorialCostume of an Italian nobleman, 14th century. He wears a decorated, plumed hat, cape with large hanging sleeves and fur border, with black cracows (pointed shoes a la poulaine). From the Titius Livius manuscript in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan. Han...
EditorialFrench noble man, 14th century. He wears a tabard in yellow decorated with eyes and violet decorated with flowers, blue hood, red and grey stockings, and cracows (pointed shoes a la poulaine). From a manuscript of "Lancelot of the Lake" in the Biblioth...
EditorialFoot torture method from the 15th century. A man in doublet, stockings and crown with his right foot trapped in wooden stocks to be burnt or crushed. The torturer wears a hood, doublet, stockings and cracows (pointed shoes). From the Titius Livius manu...
EditorialCostume of a young French man, 14th century. He wears a green tabard with squirrel-fur lined hanging sleeves, and pink stockings and cracows (pointed shoes). From a manuscript in the Biblioteca Angelica, Rome. (According to Massard, this is Guillaume d...