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Molecular model of four G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). From left to right the GPCRs are; rhodopsin, which is activated by absorbing light, T-cell receptor, which is activated by a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule presenting an antigen (green), dopamine receptor, which is activated by dopamine (red), and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor B (GABA-B receptor), being activated by the agonist drug baclofen. Activation of the receptors triggers a signalling cascade. In rhodopsin this is occurs when the GPCR's alpha subunit (light blue) activates phosphodiesterase 6, which breaks down cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and leads to sodium channels closing. The other GPCRs activate the enzyme adenylyl cyclase, which produces cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP activates protein kinase C, which regulates numerous cell functions.

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g protein coupled receptor gpcr rhodopsin retinal t-cell receptor dopamine receptor dopamine gaba b receptor baclofen photoreceptor retina transducin light cgmp receptor protein cell membrane gtp phototransduction molecules signal transduction signal cascade neurotransmitter protein kinase c phosphodiesterase 6 adenylyl cyclase antigen mhc cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine triphosphate adenyl cyclase artwork atp biochemical biochemistry biological biology bound camp camp-dependent pathway cell communication cell signalling complex cyclic adenosine monophosphate cyclic amp enzyme g-alpha g-protein g-protein-coupled receptor gdp guanine nucleotide-binding protein guanosine triphosphate illustration label labeled labelled labels membrane membrane protein molecular model molecular switch molecule no-one nobody pyrophosphate second messenger signaling signalling cascade subunit text major histocompatibility complex mhc class ii gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor b gaba-b receptor agonist drug baclofen

6 acid adenosine adenosine adenyl adenylyl agonist amp antigen artwork atp b b baclofen baclofen biochemical biochemistry biological biology bound c camp camp-dependent cascade cascade cell cell cell cgmp class communication complex complex coupled cyclase cyclase cyclic cyclic cyclic dopamine dopamine drug enzyme g g-alpha g-protein g-protein-coupled gaba gaba-b gamma-aminobutyric gdp gpcr gtp guanine guanosine guanosine histocompatibility ii illustration kinase label labeled labelled labels light major membrane membrane membrane messenger mhc mhc model molecular molecular molecule molecules monophosphate monophosphate neurotransmitter no-one nobody nucleotide-binding pathway phosphodiesterase photoreceptor phototransduction protein protein protein protein protein pyrophosphate receptor receptor receptor receptor receptor receptor receptor receptor retina retinal rhodopsin second signal signal signaling signalling signalling subunit switch t-cell text transducin transduction triphosphate triphosphate

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