Illustration of the US biochemist Roger Kornberg (born 1947). Kornberg received the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) transcription in eukaryotic cells (cells with a nucleus and other organelles). Transcription is the process by which DNA is converted to RNA (ribonucleic acid) the intermediary between DNA and its protein product. Kornberg isolated the proteins involved in the process and determined the structure of RNA polymerase, the enzyme that synthesises the new RNA strand,