Illustration of the Japanese physicist Toshihide Maskawa (1940-2021). Maskawa studied at Nagoya University, and then worked on particle physics at Kyoto University. It was while he was at Kyoto that he and Makoto Kobayashi published their 1973 paper on CP violation. This theory of conjugation and parity symmetry predicted three families of quarks within the Standard Model of particle physics. This prediction was later confirmed, and led to Maskawa and Kobayashi being jointly awarded half of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics. Maskawa was Director of the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics from 1997 to 2003.