Illustration of the Japanese physicist Makoto Kobayashi (born 1944). Kobayashi studied at Nagoya University, and then worked on particle physics at Kyoto University. It was while he was at Kyoto that he and Toshihide Maskawa published their 1973 paper on CP violation. This theory of conjugation and parity symmetry predicted three families of quarks within the Standard Model of particle physics. This prediction was later confirmed, and this led to Kobayashi and Maskawa being jointly awarded half of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics. Kobayashis later career was spent at the Japanese High Energy Accelerator Research Organization.