Yusuf Hamadani mosque and mausoleum, ancient Merv, Turkmenistan, between 1905 and 1915. Mary, formerly named Merv, Meru and Alexandria Margiana, is a city on an oasis in the Karakum Desert. Russian chemist and photographer Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (1863-1944) was a pioneer in colour photography which he used to document early 20th-century Russia and her empire, including the vanishing way of life of tribal peoples along the Silk Route in Central Asia. In a railway-carriage darkroom provided by Czar Nicholas II, Prokudin-Gorsky used the three-colour photography process to record traditional costumes and occupations, churches and mosques - many now Unesco World Heritage sites - as well as modernisation in agriculture, industry and transport.