China: Emperor Huizong (7 June 1082 - 4 June 1135), 8th ruler of the (Northern) Song Dynasty (r. 1100-1126). Hanging scroll painting, c. 1100-1126. Huizong, personal name Zhao Ji, was the eighth emperor of the Song Dynasty. He abdicated in 1126 when the Jurchen-led Jin Dynasty invaded, assuming the title of 'Retired Emperor'. He was captured the following year, along with the rest of the imperial family, and given the humiliating title Duke Hunde ('Besotted Duke') by Emperor Taizong of Jin; he died in captivity. He was famed for his promotion of Taoism and his skill in calligraphy and poetry.