Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935). French military officer. In 1894 he was charged with treason for passing on reports of military secrets to the German embassy in Paris. The trial, known as the Dreyfus Affair, had wide repercussions in French politics. Portrait obtained immediately after demotion. Photoengraving. La Ilustracion Espanola y Americana, 1898. (Photo by: Prisma/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)