Dryocopus martius; Print; The black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) is a large woodpecker that lives in mature forest across the northern Palearctic. It is the sole representative of its genus in that region. Its range is expanding in Eurasia. It does not migrate. This species is closely related to; and fills the same ecological niche in Europe as; the pileated woodpecker of North America.; 1700-1880