Monkeypox lesions on the arm of a 37 year old Hispanic man who is HIV positive. The monkeypox virus, which is found near rainforests in Central and West Africa causes disease in humans and monkeys, although its natural hosts are rodents. It is capable of human-to-human transmission. In humans it causes fever, swollen glands and a rash of fluid-filled blisters. It is fatal in between 1 and 10 percent of cases, depending upon the strain of virus. In July 2022, an outbreak of monkeypox that had spread to Europe, the Americas, Australia and parts of Asia was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The outbreak, which saw the first deaths from the disease outside of Africa, was more prevalent in men who had sex with men.