XEE4160599 Ordalies or ???he judgments of God?? 831: accused of treason towards Louis I the Pious or the Debonnaire (778-840), Judith Welf (805-843), his wife, and Bernard of Septimania (circa 800-844), chamberlain of the kingdom, try to prove their innocence before an assembly. She proposes to undergo the test of hot iron and boiling water. He challenges his accusers to a duel. Engraving by Jean Michel Moreau, dit Moreau le Jeune (1741- 1814), 18th century. by Moreau, Jean Michel the Younger (1741-1814); Private Collection; (add.info.: Ordalies or ???he judgments of God?? 831: accused of treason towards Louis I the Pious or the Debonnaire (778-840), Judith Welf (805-843), his wife, and Bernard of Septimania (circa 800-844), chamberlain of the kingdom, try to prove their innocence before an assembly. She proposes to undergo the test of hot iron and boiling water. He challenges his accusers to a duel. Engraving by Jean Michel Moreau, dit Moreau le Jeune (1741- 1814), 18th century.); Stefano Bianchetti; French, out of copyright.