Lev Borisovich Kamenev, born Rozenfeld, was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a prominent Soviet politician. He served briefly as the first head of state of Soviet Russia in 1917, and from 1923-24 the acting Premier in the last year of Vladimir Lenin's life. Under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, Kamenev fell out of favour and, following a show trial, was executed. Kamenev was the brother-in-law of Leon Trotsky.