888845 Dr Pierre Bretonneau, 1860 (b/w photo) by Richebourg, Pierre Ambroise (c.1810-c.1876); Archives Larousse, Paris, France; (add.info.: Dr. Pierre Bretonneau (1778-1862) pioneer of modern medicine, identified typhoid fever and named diphtheria. He performed the first successful tracheotomy in 1825, and in 1855 was the first to think that disease was caused by bacteria but without a microscope was unable to confirm it.); French, out of copyright.