Scanning electron micrograph of the cut surface of a root nodule of a garden pea, Pisum sativum. The picture shows a cross section of a small nitrogen-fixing nodule, 1mm in diameter. It is bounded by cortical cells (yellow) enclosing a mass of spongy cells with cross walls (light green). Embedded within this tissue are (red) cells containing a network of membranes filled with bacteroids of Rhizobium leguminosarum. Air from the surrounding soil reaches these cells via the sponge; the bacteroids, using a haem protein - leghaemoglobin - fix the atmospheric nitrogen to produce ammonium salts. This is an example of mutualism, or symbiosis. The bacterium gains a sequestered environment, and the plant uses the fixed nitrogen for its growth. Globally, nitrogen fixation by micro-organisms produces about three times more "fertiliser" - 150-200m tonnes/yr - than the entire world chemical industry.