701070 Pump drill (ash, oak & granite) by European School, (15th century); 58.4x54.6 cm; David Russell Collection; (add.info.: Possibly earlier than 15th century The adze-cut shaft passes through a carved cross-piece and is plugged into a heavy stone flywheel. A thong passes through the V-shaped notch in the end of the shaft and is knotted through each end of the cross-piece. The thong is wound round the shaft, the downward pressure starts the motion; the heavy flywheel rotates and rewinds the thong. A pumping action by one or two pairs of hands ensures reciprocating motion.); out of copyright.