479172 President Lincoln\'s Emancipation Proclamation, January 1 1863, 1864 (litho) by Lincoln, Abraham (1809-65); 67 x 52 cm; Gilder Lehrman Collection, New York, USA; (add.info.: The Emancipation Proclamation is an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War using his war powers. It was not a law passed by Congress. It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states then in rebellion, thus applying to 3.1 million of the 4 million slaves in the U.S. at that time. The Proclamation immediately freed 50,000 slaves, with nearly all the rest (of the 3.1 million) freed as Union armies advanced. The Proclamation did not compensate the owners, did not itself outlaw slavery, and did not make the ex-slaves (called freedmen) citizens. One of three colour lithographic broadsides. Printed by L. Nagel. Presented to Lincoln for signing by David Williams Cheesman. Signed on back: "Property of Mrs. Maria Cheesman/ Phoenix/ Oregon."); 穢 Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History ; American, out of copyright.