450970 Souvenir Painting of the Goddess Sarasvati, c.1850-75 (transparent, opaque & metallic w/c on paper) by Indian School, (19th century); 35.2 x 24.8 cm; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Pennsylvania, PA, USA; (add.info.: Made in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal, India. playing the sarasvati veena or vina, an Indian plucked instrument In 1809, a temple to Kali, the goddess of destruction, was built just south of present-day Kolkata (Calcutta), the capital of British India. Professional painters quickly began making souvenir images for the many pilgrims who visited the site. These so-called Kalighat paintings grew from earlier traditions of popular art, but merged new painting techniques such as thin, shaded watercolor brushwork developed from British models. Painters made fluid line sketches overlaid with color washes, as in this example, to increase the speed of production. Most early Kalighat paintings were icons of gods and goddesses, such as Sarasvati, the goddess of learning and music, shown here playing a stringed instrument.); 穢 Philadelphia Museum of Art ; Stella Kramrisch Collection, 1994; Indian, out of copyright.