XIR177171 Ahmet III, 2127 Illustration from \'De Materia Medica\' by Dioscorides (gouache on paper) by Mesopotamian, (13th century BC); Topkapi Palace Library, Istanbul, Turkey; (add.info.: manuscript was made in Northern Mesopotamia in 1229, and was copied by Abu Yusuf Bihnam b. Musa b. Yusuf al-Mawsili for Shams al-Din Abu??? Fada???l Muhammad. Dioscorides and a disciple, holding a mandrake By Yusuf al Mawsili MS NoA2127 In this version the artist has depicted a male pupil in place of the woman, personifying Heuresis (explanation) found in Classical/Byzantine texts Culture: Islamic Date/Period: December 1228 Place of Origin: Mosul, Iraq); out of copyright.