XIR160475 The Signing of the Concordat between France and the Holy See, 15th July 1801 (pen & ink on paper) by Gerard, Francois Pascal Simon, Baron (1770-1837); Ch璽teau de Versailles, France; (add.info.: Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844) handing the pen to his brother Napoleon (1769-1821); convention of the 26th Messidor, Year IX (July 16, 1802), whereby Pope Pius VII and Bonaparte, First Consul, re-established the Catholic Church in France; balance of power between church and state;); French, out of copyright.