XIR75717 Study of Ambroise Pare (c.1510-90) the \'Father of Modern Surgery\' (charcoal & white chalk wash on paper) by Matout, Louis Nicolas (1811-88); Musee de l\'Assistance Publique, Hopitaux de Paris, France; (add.info.: substitutes for the first time ligature of the arteries for cauterization with a red-hot iron after an amputation; preparatory drawing for the fresco which decorated the Amphitheatre of the School of Medicine in Paris; destroyed in fire of 15th October 1889;); French, out of copyright.