Geography / World MapMahmud Al-Kashgari's world map with the city of Balasagun in the center; one of the capitals of the Kara-Khanid Khanate.(Mahmud ibn Hussayn ibn Muhammed al-Kashgari was an 11th-century Kara-Khanid scholar and lexicographer of the Turkic languages from Kashgar. Al-Kashgari studied the Turkic languages of his time and in Baghdad he composed the first comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages; the Diwan Lughat al-Turk (Arabic: "Compendium of the languages of the Turks"). His book also included the first known map of the areas inhabited by Turkic peoples.Istanbul; Millet Library.Manuscript; 11th century (picture was digitally restored).Istanbul; Millet-Bibliothek.