Holwell's Memorial, Kolkata (Calcutta), India. John Zephaniah Holwell (1711-1798) was one of the few survivors of the Black Hole of Calcutta and this is a monument erected in the memory of those who suffered in the cramped confines of a tiny guard-room of the Old Fort William at the hands of the Nawab of Bengal Suraj-ud-Daulah. The original monument was replaced by a replica in 1902, which was moved to a less prominent position than that depicted here in 1940 (pre-Independence).