Saturn and some of its moons: Hyperion, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, and Iapatus. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest in the solar system after Jupiter. It was named after the Roman god Saturn, who was the god of agriculture and the harvest. Like Jupiter and the other planets in the outer solar system, Saturn is a gas giant that does not have a visible solid surface. Saturn is made up mostly of hydrogen gas with a small amount of helium. It probably has a rocky core, surrounded by liquid metallic hydrogen.