The vampire squid is a small, deep-sea cephalopod found throughout the temperate and tropical oceans of the world. Unique retractile sensory filaments justify the vampire squid's placement in its own order: Vampyromorphida (formerly Vampyromorpha), which shares similarities with both squid and octopodes. As a phylogenetic relict it is the only known surviving member of its order, first described and originally classified as an octopus in 1903 by German teuthologist Carl Chun, but later assigned to a new order together with several extinct taxa. The vampire squid is an extreme example of a deep-sea cephalopod, thought to reside at aphotic (lightless) depths from 2,000 to 3,000 feet or more. The vampire squid is able to live and breathe normally in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) where oxygen saturation is too low to support aerobic metabolism. Image appeared in "R矇sultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht", 1889.