Dr. J. J. Woodward's Microscope, Light Grand American Microscope. Manufactured in Philadelphia by Joseph Zentmayer, 1864. Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Janvier Woodward (1833-1884), commonly known as J. J. Woodward, served in the U.S. Civil War as Army Assistant Surgeon, microscopist and an instrumental pioneer in photo-microscopy. Woodward performed and wrote reports on the autopsies of both Abraham Lincoln and John Wilkes Booth. He also attended to president Garfield after he was shot. Woodward was the first scientist to establish photomicrography as a tool for both scientific and medical investigations. Joseph Zentmayer was born in Germany, in 1826, Zentmayer emigrated to the United States, as a young man, already trained in optics and instrument making. He went into business in 1853, in Philadelphia, making his first large stand,(the Grand American), around 1858. A microscope is an optical instrument having a magnifying lens or a combination of lenses for inspecting objects too small to be seen or too small to be seen distinctly and in detail by the unaided eye.