Lattes (left) and Gardner with the nuclear emulsion positioning apparatus for the 184 inch cyclotron, 1948. Cesare Mansueto Giulio Lattes (July 11, 1924 - March 8, 2005) was a Brazilian experimental physicist. Milton Eugene Gardner (February 10, 1901 - 1986) was an American physicist who worked on radar systems at the Radiation Laboratory in Massachusetts. In 1948, they were co-discovers of the pion, a composite subatomic particle made of a quark and an antiquark, using the 184 inch cyclotron at University of California, Berkeley.