Captioned: "Reliquiae sacrae Carolinae. The works of that great monarch and glorious martyr King Charles the Ist together with additional prayers used by His Majesty in the time of his sufferings and restraint"; printed in 1658. The work was originally attributed to Charles I, but was probably written by John Gauden, who included some authentic writings of the King. Charles I (November 19, 1600 - January 30, 1649) was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from March 27, 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles was the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. After his succession, Charles quarreled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. He believed in the divine right of kings and thought he could govern according to his own conscience. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated the antipathy and mistrust of reformed groups such as the Puritans and Calvinists, who thought his views too Catholic. From 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645, he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament. He was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in 1649, at the age of 48.