Eduard Josef Wimmer-Wisgrill (April 2, 1882 - December 1961) was an Austrian artist who worked in various avenues, including fashion, decorative arts, theatre, and interior design. In in the area of fashion; he was once described as the "Poiret of Vienna." Fashion is a distinctive and often habitual trend in the style in which a person dresses. It is the prevailing styles in behavior and the newest creations of textile designers. Prior to the mid-19th century, most clothing was custom-made. It was handmade for individuals, either as home production or on order from dressmakers and tailors. By the beginning of the 20th century, with the rise of new technologies such as the sewing machine, the development of the factory system of production, and the emergence of department stores, clothing had increasingly come to be mass-produced in standard sizes and sold at fixed prices.