Entitled: "Maniaque, pendant l'acc癡s et apr癡s la gu矇rison" ("Maniac, while accessing and after recovery"), A woman is sitting on her side with her feet drawn up on a bench, she is supported by a wall behind the bench; she appears to be wearing a gown that inhibits movement of her arms. Lithograph appeared in "Des maladies mentales considerees sous les rapports medicale, hygienique et medico-legal" by ?tienne Esquirol. A straitjacket or is a garment shaped like a jacket with overlong sleeves and is typically used to restrain a person who may otherwise cause harm to him/herself or others. Once the arms are inserted into the straitjacket's sleeves, they are then crossed across the chest. The ends of the sleeves are then tied to the back of the wearer, ensuring that the arms are kept close to the chest with as little movement as possible. Before psychiatric medications and talking therapies were developed, doctors simply did not know how to treat mental disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety disorders. As a result, doctors attempted a variety of treatments that seem cruel by modern standards. The straitjacket was one of these treatments. At the height of its use, it was considered more humane than traditional restraints made of ropes or chains. It prevented the sufferer from damaging clothes or furniture, and from injuring staff or fellow inmates.