Pavlov's dogs with their keepers at the Physiology Department, Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg, 1904. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) was a Russian physiologist and experimental psychologist, who received the 1904 Nobel Prize for his work on the physiology of the digestive glands. He is best remembered for his work on conditioned reflexes, in which he conditioned dogs to salivate in anticipation of food by ringing a bell each meal time. Eventually, the bell alone provoked salivation. These experiments became the foundation of behaviorist psychology. It was important for the experiments that the dogs were in as normal a state as possible, hence the importance of taking them out on walks to keep them fit and happy.