Walter Lippmann (September 23, 1889 - December 14, 1974) was an American public intellectual, writer, reporter, and political commentator famous for being among the first to introduce the concept of Cold War; he coined the term stereotype in the modern psychological meaning as well. Lippmann was twice awarded (1958 and 1962) a Pulitzer Prize for his syndicated newspaper column, "Today and Tomorrow". During World War I, he became an adviser to President Woodrow Wilson and assisted in the drafting of Wilson's Fourteen Points speech. He was an informal adviser to several presidents. In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson presented Lippmann with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Lippmann saw the purpose of journalism as "intelligence work". Within this role, journalists are a link between policymakers and the public. A journalist seeks facts from policymakers which he then transmits to citizens who form a public opinion. In this model, the information may be used to hold policymakers accountable to citizens. He retired from his syndicated column in 1967, and died in 1974 at the age of 85. Undated photograph.