Engraving showing the interior of a perfume manufactory at Nice owned and operated by Eug癡ne Rimmel. As with industry and the arts, perfume was to undergo profound change in the 19th century. Changing tastes and the development of modern chemistry laid the foundations of perfumery as we know it today. Alchemy gave way to chemistry and new fragrances were created. The industrial revolution had in no way diminished the taste for perfume. Under the post-revolutionary government, people once again dared to express a penchant for luxury goods, including perfume. Eug癡ne Rimmel (1820 - 1887) was a French-born British perfumer and businessman responsible for manufacturing and marketing some of the earliest commercially made cosmetics. In 1834 he opened his own perfumery, the House of Rimmel. He is considered by beauty historians as a trailblazer of the beauty and healthcare industries. He was granted 10 Royal Warrants from heads of state all over Europe, including Queen Victoria, for his perfumes and fragranced products. With the headline "The Prince of Perfumers", the New York Times printed his obituary on March 15, 1887.