Jyotisha is the traditional Hindu system of astronomy and astrology. Historical Indian astronomy developed as a discipline of Vedanga associated with the study of the Vedas. Indian astrology or Hindu Vedic astrology is based on making and reading of astrological horoscopes, where the movement and positioning of stars affect human life tremendously. Indian astronomy flowered in the 6th century and significantly influenced medieval Muslim astronomy. An identifiable native Indian astronomical tradition remains active throughout the medieval period and into the 16th or 17th century, especially within the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. An astrolabe is an elaborate inclinometer, historically used by astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars, determining local time given local latitude and vice-versa, surveying, triangulation, and to cast horoscopes. It was used in classical antiquity, through the Islamic Golden Age, the European Middle Ages and Renaissance for all these purposes. In the Islamic world, it was also used to calculate the Qibla and to find the times for Salah, prayers.

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