Robert Christison, 1st Baronet (July 18, 1797 - January 23, 1882) was a Scottish toxicologist and physician. He graduated from the University of Edinburgh in 1819. He went to Paris, where he studied analytical chemistry with Robiquet and toxicology from Orfila. In 1822 he returned to Edinburgh as professor of medical jurisprudence and became an authority poisons. In 1829, he became medical officer to the crown in Scotland, and from that time until 1866 he was called as a witness in many celebrated criminal cases. His fame as a toxicologist and medical jurist, together with his work on the pathology of the kidneys and on fevers, secured him a large private practice. He was appointed physician to Queen Victoria in 1848 and received a baronetcy in 1871. He served as president of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (1838 and 1846), as president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1838-40 and 1846-8), and as president of the British Medical Association (1875). He died in 1882 at the age of 84.