Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (May 1823 - July 7, 1865) was an American boarding house owner who was convicted of taking part in the conspiracy to assassinate President Abraham Lincoln. In the turmoil that followed the assassination, scores of suspected accomplices were arrested and thrown into prison. All the people who were discovered to have had anything to do with the assassination or anyone with the slightest contact with Booth or Herold on their flight were put behind bars. The suspects were narrowed down to just eight prisoners: Samuel Arnold, George Atzerodt, David Herold, Samuel Mudd, Michael O'Laughlen, Lewis Powell, Edmund Spangler (a Ford's stagehand who had given Booth's horse to "Peanuts" Burroughs to hold), and Mary Surratt. The eight suspects were tried by a military tribunal. The trial lasted for about seven weeks, with 366 witnesses testifying. Mary Surratt (first woman executed by the US federal government), Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt were sentenced to death by hanging. Samuel Mudd, Samuel Arnold, and Michael O'Laughlen were sentenced to life in prison. Edmund Spangler was sentenced to imprisonment for six years. Her son, John H. Surratt, Jr., was later tried but was not convicted in the assassination.

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