Bernardo Alberto Houssay (April 10, 1887 - September 21, 1971) was an Argentine physiologist. Houssay worked in many fields of physiology, such as the nervous, digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems, but his main contribution, which was recognized by the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 1947, for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar (glucose) in animals. These discoveries stimulated the study of hormonal feedback control mechanisms which are central to all aspects of modern endocrinology. He is the first Argentine and Latin American Nobel laureate in the sciences. He published more than 600 scientific papers and several specialized books. He was also very active as a scientific leader and promoter of the advancement of scientific research and medical education, in Argentina. Houssay died in 1971 at the age of 84.