Fr癡re Jacques Beaulieu (1651-1720) was a travelling lithotomist and a Dominican Friar, with scant knowledge of anatomy. Lithotomy is a surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certain hollow organs, such as the kidneys (kidney stones), bladder (bladder stones), and gallbladder (gallstones), that cannot exit naturally through the urinary system or biliary tract. He developed an operation that went in laterally to remove the bladder stones in the late 17th century and performed the frequently deadly procedure in France into the early 18th century. A possible connection between the French nursery rhyme Fr癡re Jacques and Fr癡re Jacques Beaulieu was recently explored without finding any evidence for a connection.