Captioned: "Tumulus in the Polished-Stone Epoch. The body which was about to be enclosed in the tumulus was borne upon boughs of trees. The men and women attending wore their best attire; necklaces of amber and shells adorned their necks. Men carrying torches walked in front of the procession, in order to guide the bearers into the dark recesses of the sepulchral chambers." Religious behavior is thought to have emerged by the Upper Paleolithic, before 30,000 years ago at the latest, but behavioral patterns such as burial rites that one might characterize as religious reach back into the Middle Paleolithic, as early as 300,000 years ago, coinciding with the first appearance of Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Caption excerpted from "Primitive Man" by Louis Figuier, 1871.