Instant coffee, also called soluble coffee and coffee powder, is a beverage derived from brewed coffee beans. Instant coffee is commercially prepared by either freeze-drying or spray drying, after which it can be rehydrated. Coffee bean roasting using a fluidized bed takes between 30 seconds and 4 minutes, and operates at lower temperatures than rotating cylinder roasting which allows greater retention of the coffee bean aroma and flavor. The roasted beans are then ground finely and extracted with water at 311 to 356 degrees Fahrenheit; the coffee extract is concentrated to 15-30% total solids. The concentrate is then freeze-dried or spray-dried. Spray drying produces particles too small. Consequently, they must first be agglomerated to obtain particles of suitable size. The decaffeination of instant coffee takes place before the roasting which determines the flavor and aroma of the final product. Image width: 42 mm. Magnification: 2.38x if the image is printed 10 cm wide.