John (24 December 1166 - 19 October 1216); also known as John Lackland (Norman French: Johan sanz Terre); was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death in 1216. John lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France; resulting in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century.

The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta; a document of immense significance considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.