Cornelis de Houtman (1565鈥?9); brother of Frederick de Houtman; was a Dutch explorer who discovered a new sea route from Europe to Indonesia which helped start the Dutch spice trade. At the time; the Portuguese Empire held a monopoly on the spice trade; and the voyage was a symbolic victory for the Dutch.
However; the voyage itself was a disaster; beset with mutiny; killings and scurvy. De Houtman managed to insult and alienate almost everyone he met on the way. He was refused spices after insulting the Sultan of Banten on Java; then he allowed his men to rape and plunder on Madura. He managed to buy only a few pots of peppercorns on Bali; then in 1599; in Aceh in Sumatra; he insulted the sultan; setting off a sea battle in which he himself was killed.
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