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Hui Muslim general and scion of the Ma Clique of Northwest Muslim warlords during the Chinese Republic (1911-1949).
The Ma clique is a collective name for a group of Hui (Muslim Chinese) warlords in northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai; Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949.
There were three families in the Ma clique (鈥楳a' being a common Hui rendering of the common Muslim name; Muhammad); each of them controlling one area respectively. The three most prominent members of the clique were Ma Bufang; Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin; collectively known as the 'Xibei San Ma'; (The Three Ma of the Northwest).
Some contemporary accounts; such as Edgar Snow's; described the clique as the 鈥楩our Ma'; adding Ma Bufang's brother Ma Buqing to the list of the top warlords.
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TOP20151139
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達志影像
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