The Temple of Bel; consecrated to the Semitic god Bel; worshipped at Palmyra as Malakbel; formed the center of religious life in Palmyra and was dedicated in 32 CE.

Palmyra was an ancient city in Syria. It was an important city in central Syria; located in an oasis 215 km northeast of Damascus and 180 km southwest of the Euphrates at Deir ez-Zor. It had long been a vital caravan city for travellers crossing the Syrian desert and was known as the Bride of the Desert. The earliest documented reference to the city by its Semitic name Tadmor; Tadmur or Tudmur (which means "the town that repels" in Amorite and "the indomitable town" in Aramaic) is recorded in Babylonian tablets found in Mari.