Ghilzai (Pashto: Ghar-Zai; meaning: 'hill people') are the largest Pashtun tribal confederacy found in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They are also known historically as Ghilji; Khilji; Ghalji; Ghilzye; and possibly Gharzai.

These Pashtun people are located mainly in southeastern Afghanistan; between Kandahar and Kabul; and extending eastwards towards the Suleiman Mountains into Pakistan. In Afghanistan they are the second largest Pashtun tribal confederation after the Abdali/Durrani.

Ghilzai are often considered to be the most courageous;fiercely independent; warlike and tough Afghan Pashtun tribe.